Introduction to Contract Management - 1025 Words

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO CONTRACT MANAGEMENT A contract is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between or among them. The elements of a contract are offer and acceptance by competent persons having legal capacity who exchanges consideration to create mutuality of obligation. i.e. 1. Offer and Acceptance 2. Competent Persons 3. Consideration 4. Mutual Obligation 5. Lawful Object Contract law varies greatly from one jurisdiction to another, including differences in common law compared to civil law, the impact of received law, particularly from England in common law countries, and of law codified in regional†¦show more content†¦This includes the development and implementation of procedures covering the administrative and clerical activities. Good contract administration is important for the successful management of any contract. Contract administration also requires appropriate resourcing, and as part of the contract management planning both the agency and the supplier need to consider the level of resources required for the particular contract. Procedures should be in place for the management of the main contract activities. These may include: i) Contract variations, including change control ii) Cost monitoring iii) Ordering procedures, e.g. ordering of hardware iv) Payment procedures v) Management reporting †¢ Transition Planning Transition planning is an important activity whenever there is the potential for service delivery to be affected by the transition. As noted in the section on contract planning, in relatively routine, straightforward procurements, transition arrangements may be covered in the contract management plan. However, in more complex procurements a detailed transition plan may be required. While the content of this plan will depend on what is being procured, headings may include: a) timeline of activities/events b) reporting c) resource requirements d) key roles and responsibilities e) training requirements f) communications requirements e.g. communications plans g) A risks and riskShow MoreRelatedProcurement Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction IBM Daksh India is one of the most important business process outsourcing companies in India. It has been playing a significant role in the process transformation and management sections of one of the leading IT firms of the world, IBM since 2004. IBM Daksh India came into existence as a result of the acquisition of Daksh e-Services by the IBM Corporation in 2004. IBM Daksh India serves as the global destination for managing business processes for all clients of IBM. In India, thereRead MoreAcorn Industries1536 Words   |  7 Pagesin creating and submitting contract proposals. 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The development of this state-of-the-art airplane willRead MoreNegotiation in Contract Management772 Words   |  3 PagesNegotiation in Contract Management Its hard to think of the negotiation process as anything other than a hindrance, but try to view it as an opportunity to identify problems, deal with those issues and lay the foundation upon which the relationship can grow and prosper in the long term. (Computerworld, 2004). Introduction Negotiating contracts in a management setting requires more than just knowledge of the market, factual backup materials, and chutzpah. According to the sources presentedRead MoreExecutive Director Of Marketing Corporate Communications Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesbrand identity, market position, and growth and directs the marketing team accordingly. This position partners with Sales, Manufacturing, and RD in the conceptualization, formulization, and introduction of new products across all brands and including contract sales. 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What Is a Pit House Winter Home for Our Ancient Ancestors

A pit house (also spelled pithouse and alternatively called pit dwelling or pit structure) is a class of residential house type used by non-industrial cultures all over our planet. In general, archaeologists and anthropologists define pit structures as any non-contiguous building with floors lower than the ground surface (called semi-subterranean). Despite that, researchers have found that pit houses were and are used under specific, consistent circumstances. How Do You Build a Pit House? Construction of a pit house begins by excavating a pit into the earth, from a few centimeters to 1.5 meters (a few inches to five feet) deep. Pit houses vary in plan, from round to oval to square to rectangular. The excavated pit floors vary from flat to bowl-shaped; they can include prepared floors or not. Above the pit is a superstructure that might consist of low earthen walls built from the excavated soil; stone foundations with brush walls; or posts with wattle and daub chinking. The roof of a pit house is generally flat and made of brush, thatch, or planks, and entry to the deepest houses was gained by way of a ladder through a hole in the roof. A central hearth provided light and warmth; in some pit houses, a ground surface air hole would have brought in ventilation and an additional hole in the roof would have allowed smoke to escape. Pit houses were warm in winter and cool in summer; experimental archaeology has proven that they are quite comfortable year round  because the earth acts as an insulating blanket. However, they only last for a few seasons and after at most ten years, a pit house would have to be abandoned: many abandoned pithouses were used as cemeteries. Who Uses Pit Houses? In 1987, Patricia Gilman published a summary of ethnographic work conducted on historically-documented societies who used pit houses around the world. She reported that there were 84 groups in the ethnographic documentation who used semi-subterranean pit houses as primary or secondary homes, and all the societies shared three characteristics. She identified three conditions for pit house use in the historically documented cultures: a nontropical climate during the season of pit structure useminimally a bi-seasonal settlement patternreliance on stored food when the pit structure is in use In terms of climate, Gilman reported that all except six of the societies who use(d) pit structures are/were located above 32 degrees latitude. Five were located in high mountainous regions in East Africa, Paraguay, and eastern Brazil; the other was an anomaly, on an island in Formosa. Winter and Summer Dwellings The vast majority of pit houses in the data were used only as winter dwellings: only one (Koryak on the Siberian coast) used both winter and summer pit houses. There is no doubt about it: semi-subterranean structures are particularly useful as cold season habitations because of their thermal efficiency. Heat loss by transmission is 20% less in shelters built into the earth compared to any above-ground homes. Thermal efficiency is also evident in summer dwellings, but most groups didnt use them in the summer. That reflects Gilmans second finding of a bi-seasonal settlement pattern: people who have winter pit houses are mobile during the summers. The Koryak site in coastal Siberia is an exception: they were seasonally mobile, however, they moved between their winter pit structures on the coast and their summer pit houses upriver. The Koryak used stored foods during both seasons. Subsistence and Political Organization Interestingly, Gilman found that pit house use was not dictated by the type of subsistence method (how we feed ourselves) used by the groups. Subsistence strategies varied among ethnographically documented pit house users: about 75% of the societies were strictly hunter-gatherers or hunter-gather-fishers; the remainder varied in levels of agriculture from part-time horticulturalists to irrigation-based agriculture. Instead, the use of pit houses seems to be dictated by the communitys reliance on stored foods during the season of pit structure use, specifically in winters, when a cold season permits no plant production. The summers were spent in other types of dwellings that could be moved to capitalize on the locations of the best resources. Summer dwellings were generally movable above-ground tipis or yurts that can be disassembled so that their occupants could easily move camp. Gilmans research found that most winter pit houses are found in villages, clusters of single dwellings around a central plaza. Most pit house villages included fewer than 100 people, and political organization was typically limited, with only a third having formal chiefs. A total of 83 percent of the ethnographic groups lacked social stratification or had distinctions based on non-hereditary wealth. Some Examples As Gilman found, pit houses have been found ethnographically around the world, and archaeologically they are also quite common. In addition to these examples below, see the sources for recent archaeological studies of pit house societies in various places.   Jomon hunter-gatherers in Late Pleistocene JapanViking farmers in medieval IcelandFremont farmers in the southwestern United StatesNorwegian farmers in 19th century Minnesota Sources This glossary entry is a part of our guide to Ancient Houses  and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Crema ER, and Nishino M. 2012. Spatio-temporal distributions of Middle to Late Jomon pithouses in Oyumino, Chiba (Japan). Journal of Open Archaeology Data 1(2).Dikov NN, and Clark GH. 1965. The Stone Age of Kamchatka and the Chukchi Peninsula in the Light of New Archaeological Data. Arctic Anthropology 3(1):10-25.Ember CR. 2014. Dwellings. In: Ember CR, editor. Explaining Human Culture: Human Relations Area Files.Gilman PA. 1987. Architecture as Artifact: Pit Structures and Pueblos in the American Southwest. American Antiquity 52(3):538-564.Grà ¸n O. 2003. Mesolithic dwelling places in south Scandinavia: their definition and social interpretation. Antiquity 77(298):685-708.Searcy M, Schriever B, and Taliaferro M. 2016. Early Mimbres households: Exploring the Late Pithouse period (550–1000 AD) at the Florida Mountain Site. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 41:299-312.Tohge M, Karube F, Kobayashi M, Tanaka A, and Katsumi I. 1998. The use of ground penetrating radar to map an ancient village buried by volcanic eruptions. Journal of Applied Geophysics 40(1–3):49-58.

The Micromanager Free Essays

Although George seems to be a nice man, he is really a true micromanager because he can be persistent and stubborn on a lot of things.   Although he would like to think that he is personable, at work, he insists on getting things done in his own way and keeps track of Shelley’s progress in doing it. He also eats up Shelley’s time in making her accompany him to meetings that take her concentration away from true work. We will write a custom essay sample on The Micromanager or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even at home, he can dictate the time his children need to do certain things like homework. George also insists that at least two press releases are published monthly even when there is nothing to write about. He oversteps on the instructions that Shelley has already given to her own staff which causes additional confusion on the part of their subordinates. Even if Shelley has already asked for assistance in the form of additional staff, he would still rather that she list down her priorities first and do things his way. Shelley obviously detests being bullied into doing what should otherwise be something creative because she does not like George’s leadership style. However, leadership style can affect many people in different ways depending on personality types and the situations they are in. This can be seen in the way Rich Harmon admires George for being innovative and ahead of him in thinking of solutions to his department’s problems. The micromanager is good in doing everybody else’s job but as can be seen in George’s situation, he spends too much time in dealing with the nitty gritty that should be delegated to his subordinates.   As Chief-Executive-Officer, he should be concentrating on motivating his employees to do their work as a team instead of finding the little stuff that they might be doing wrong or finding solutions to small problems that should be the job of his managers. 2. Is it the appropriate style ? Why or why not? (Hint, consider the characteristics of the environment, the employee, the task, leader discretion, etc.) Retronics is in a very delicate situation because its market is going down and it needs to reinvent itself to keep up with the industry.   George’s style cannot be successful in this light because he insists on doing things hands-on while the need of the company is for its head to create new ideas that could bring new life to the crippled corporation. George has his own following and he can be effective to certain types of personalities. However, although there are employees who admire George’s ideas that really help in the development of their departments, he is actually creating followers instead of true leaders because of the dependency culture he is encouraging.   He should instead try to hone his managers’ leadership skills and encourage more innovative ideas that come from below his rank if he really wants to keep up with the new wave in his industry. Otherwise, he would be trapped in solving everybody else’s problems and no one will be overseeing the company. On the other hand, his way of micromanaging Shelley causes her to loose motivation to work because she feels cramped by her position and his leadership style.   It can be assumed that Shelley might not be the only one who feels this way because he is the type who would really delve into the smallest of details of each department to keep him self abreast of what is happening within his company. Aside from embarrassing his managers for overpowering them in their own departments or divisions, George’s style can also cause a lot of confusion and power struggle which can be detrimental to a company who is already trying so hard to survive in an ailing industry. Instead of working towards a concrete goal, his style of management causes factions which can affect the time frame and quality of work that needs to be done. Another negative consequence of George’s leadership style is that his managers will tend to imitate his leadership style and this could cause too much stress in the company.   The pressure that is felt by the subordinates will just result to poor results due to lack of morale. Instead of overseeing and managing, his executives would end up picking on their employees and wasting too much time trying to correct mistakes that could have been done properly if they had the freedom to deal with things individually. George’s leadership style encourages individualism instead of team building.   A big company can become strong if its foundations are supportive groups of people instead of individuals who have their own motives for staying in the company.   To be a good leader is to foster team work and understanding among subordinates. Better relationships build loyalty and sincerity in getting things done. 3. What strategies can Shelley employ to better manage her boss? (To answer this question, you may want to read this short piece by Harry E. Chambers: (You can find it through the EBSCO database in Business Source Complete). Shelley has to get over her feelings of being mislead into the predicament she was in.   She has to stop feeling like a victim and put things in proper perspective.   When emotions are put aside, she will be able to see that George is coming from a completely different background from hers.   She is into the arts while George, an engineer academic standards, uses more of logic to understand and solve problems.   She also has to go beyond her department’s problems to understand that George’s problems are way much heavier than hers. Being a subordinate, it is also required of Shelley that she learns how to follow her boss†¦ even if it seems wrong.   Otherwise, she can manipulate George’s decisions into her favor by finding out what motivates him to do things in another way. She can also use her communication skills in professionally sharing her ideas even before George can shoot it down.   It can be seen that Shelley tends to just hold back instead of verbally defending her ideas.   Micromanagers can still feel in control as long as they see that their subordinates see their problems from the boss’ point of view too. Shelley should put her ideas to work and then find ways of explaining it to George in the light of his perception and not hers. Shelley also has to inform George of her ideas before she starts writing them.   This way, they can discuss which ones he prefer and how they can compromise on how the subject should be given treatment. Simply making a press release, for example, without taking into consideration the boss’ view can be a waste of time because of the corrections.   However, if Shelley takes the initiative to place the information needed in front of her boss so that he just has to decide among the choices she offers, then things would be easier to do quickly. Shelley should also try to find out what makes George have a better relationship with the other managers.   She does not have to suck up to him and change her attitude but just analyzing those relationships could create better understanding of how to handle her boss. Lastly, Shelley really needs to go beyond her department and see things generally from the CEO’s point of view too.   George’s responsibilities are far harder to manage than hers and this could give her insight on why he treats her that way. How to cite The Micromanager, Essay examples

APUSH Summer Assignment free essay sample

Many farmers were considered peasants in the 800s. SIG: Peasants would revolt and cause movements that go against the economic reasoning. The movements were usually to gain recognition for their work and other reasons. Yeomen ID: A servant who gives assistance to royal households or other great households SIG: A yeomen farmer was the ideal American which is being independent and hardworking. They were the best type of citizen to have a say in politics. Dower ID:The portion of property a widow receives from her deceased husbands belongings. SIG: In the 18th and 19th centuries dower rights were not given much attention. In 1945, dower was abolished but some states still allowed bits of property to be given to a widow. Primogeniture ID: Being the firstborn and eldest of the children of the same parents. Also receiving the largest portion of the fathers property after the death of the father. SIG: This ensured that powerful families kept their power in their family line. Pagans ID: a follower of a polytheistic religion or an irreligious person. SIG: This is significant because many American pagan religions contain different traditions that are similar to to others. Also traditions have been passed down for thousands of years. Heresy ID: When one has a belief that is mutually opposed to a church or religious system. SIG: This separated church and states. A result from this was the unappreciative countries towards the American Churchs optimism. Civic Humanism ID: The idea that one should participate actively in serving its leader or state in the 15th century. SIG: The language of civic humanism was a tool to the leaders who Republics ID: a body of people viewed as a commonwealth or a state where the head of government is not a monarch. SIG: The government of the United States is based partly on Romes model of a republic and the U. S has been authorized by the United States Corporation created in 1871. The forming of a republic from Romes model is a significant part of US history. Guilds ID: An association of people who have some power and are reaching a common goal. SIG: These were important for trading and small societies that could have grew to be important in history. Reconquista ID:The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain from the 1100s to 1492. SIG: It is important to study because the Christian people fought until they expelled their enemies. The Reconquista became an ethnic need. Conquistadors ID: A Spanish conqueror of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. SIG: They were mercenaries who were responsible for the near extinction of native people in present day US, Mexico, and Central America. Encomiendas ID: A system created in 1503 which guaranteed Spanish soldiers land with Indians. SIG: This led to forced labor which led to enslavement which was used in the US for years. Columbian Exchange ID: This was an exchange between the new and old world of culture, plants, animals, and diseases. This changed the way Europeans and Native Americans lived. SIG: This affected both sides of the world culturally and socially. Mestizos ID: a person of mixed ancestry from Latin America SIG:Mestizos were born to give power to the Spaniards and maintain their power. This affected races by not being biological instead history. Caste System ID: a Hindu system of social classes based on castes SIG: it was important because it divided labor in societies Indulgences ID: a pardon from punishments that would have happened due to sins SIG: Indulgences emerged in the 1 lth century when the idea of purgatory spread. Reformers complained about the selling of indulgences. Predestination ID:the idea that God has determined who will be saved and who will not SIG: People hought the idea came so the conquistadors can be forgiven for what they did to the natives. Mercantilism ID: A system that worked to unify a nation by strict regulations of national economy. SIG: European countries had knowledge with building empires and engaging in the system of mercantilism. The colonies in the United States grew and the English knew they could increase trade and benefit from it. Price Revolution ID: The 16th century era of sustained inflation SIG: This led to the price of food to rise and fall. The prices were changing often due and gold from the New World that was brought to Europe. Part Two: Chapter 1 Questions . The four main characteristics of the Indian civilizations in Mesoamerica where art, religion, society and economy. These characteristics were equal to those of Europe and the Mediterranean. Mesoamericans portrayed art through dance, pottery, and music. All of the Mesoamerican religions were polytheistic and the gods had to be given offerings. Mesoamericans did not have unity, so they were divided in a social hierarchy. The economy relied on agriculture because of the scarce amount of large animals. . The eastern woodland Indian societies were organized and governed by self-governing tribes composed of clans. In their culture, the elders would encourage local chief, who aided clan elders conducted ceremonies and regulated personal life. Gender played a role when it came to farming because it was the province of both sexes, but among eastern Woodland Indians it was the work of women. These societies were matrilineal, which is the inheritance one receives from the female line of ancestors. Farmers focused on religious ceremonies related to the agricultural cycle